在水輪機的過水系統(tǒng)中，根據(jù)水電站運行和檢修的需要，在不同的位置上裝設有相應的閘門或閥門，通常將裝置在水輪機蝸殼前的閥門稱為進水閥。
In the water conveyance system of the hydraulic turbine, according to the needs of the operation and maintenance of the hydropower station, corresponding gates or valves are installed at different positions. Generally, the valves installed in front of the spiral case of the hydraulic turbine are called inlet valves.
水電站比較廣泛采用的進水閥型式有：蝴蝶閥、閘閥和球閥。
The types of inlet valves widely used in hydropower stations include butterfly valve, gate valve and ball valve.
（1）閘閥常用于管徑小于1m，而工作水頭又較高的小型電站。
(1) Gate valves are commonly used in small power plants with pipe diameter less than 1m and high working head.
閘閥具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，維護方便，造價較低，全開時水力損失小，全關(guān)時密封性好等優(yōu)點，且不會由于水流沖擊而自行開啟或關(guān)閉，因此，不需設鎖錠裝置。但體積和自重大，啟閉時所需操作力大，時間長，動水關(guān)閉振動強烈。
The gate valve has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost, small hydraulic loss when fully opened, good sealing performance when fully closed, and will not open or close by itself due to water flow impact. Therefore, it does not need to set a locking device. However, due to its large volume and self weight, the operation force required for opening and closing is large and the time is long, and the closing vibration of moving water is strong.
閘閥由閥體、閥蓋、閥桿和閘板等部件組成。按閥座的型式，閘閥有楔形閥座式和平行閥座式。楔形閥座式的閘板又分為單閘板和雙閘板，雙閘板又分為明桿和暗桿兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。
Gate valve is composed of valve body, valve cover, valve stem, gate plate and other components. According to the type of valve seat, gate valve has wedge seat type and parallel seat type. Wedge seat type gate is divided into single gate and double gate, and double gate is divided into rising stem and non rising stem structures.
（2）蝴蝶閥蝴蝶閥簡稱蝶閥，為水頭在200m以下的電站廣泛采用。
(2) Butterfly valve butterfly valve is called butterfly valve for short, which is widely used in power plants with water head below 200m.
進水閥的分類
Classification of inlet valve
蝶閥主要由圓筒形的閥體和可在閥體內(nèi)繞軸轉(zhuǎn)動的鐵餅形活門及其他附屬部件組成。
The butterfly valve is mainly composed of a cylindrical valve body, an iron cake shaped valve which can rotate around the shaft in the valve body and other auxiliary parts.
蝶閥關(guān)閉時，活門的周圍與閥體接觸，封閉水流通路。開啟時，活門與水流方向平行，水流繞活門的兩側(cè)流過。蝶閥具有外形尺寸較小，重量較輕，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造價較低，操作方便，動水下快速關(guān)閉的優(yōu)點。但活門有影響水流流態(tài)，引起水力損失，漏水量較大的缺點。
When the butterfly valve is closed, the periphery of the valve is in contact with the valve body and the water flow path is closed. When opened, the valve is parallel to the water flow direction, and the water flows around both sides of the valve. The butterfly valve has the advantages of small size, light weight, simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and quick closing under moving water. However, the valve has the disadvantages of affecting the flow pattern, causing hydraulic loss and large water leakage.
（3）球閥球閥用于水頭大于250 m的大中型電站。
(3) Ball valves are used in large and medium-sized power plants with water head greater than 250 m.
具有關(guān)閉嚴密，漏水很少，密封裝置不易磨損。全開時幾乎沒有水力損失。啟閉時所需操作力矩很小，可用于動水緊急關(guān)閉，振幅比蝶閥小，但球閥體積大，結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，重量大，造價高昂。球閥一般用水力操作或油壓操作。
It is tightly closed, with little water leakage, and the sealing device is not easy to wear. There is almost no hydraulic loss when it is fully opened. The operating torque required for opening and closing is very small, which can be used for dynamic water emergency closing. The amplitude is smaller than that of butterfly valve, but the ball valve has large volume, complex structure, large weight and high cost. Ball valves are generally operated by water or oil pressure.
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